Sourced from fastapi's releases.

0.162.0

Omitted bool and bool | None form fields now use their declared defaults or produce missing-field errors, consistent with other fields and Pydantic behavior. FastAPI no longer infers False for omitted booleans. This applies to individual form parameters, form models, and unions of form models.

Omitted boolean model fields are excluded from model_dump(exclude_unset=True), and their defaults no longer count as submitted fields during union selection. Default factories and validate_default follow the usual rules.

For HTML checkboxes, declare a boolean with a default of False. See Boolean Form Fields.

Breaking Changes

• 🐛 Restore default handling for omitted boolean form fields. PR #16605 by @​tiangolo.

0.161.1

Fixes

• 🐛 Fix OpenAPI schemas for standalone nullable form unions. PR #16598 by @​tiangolo.

0.161.0

Features

• ✨ Add support for combining unions of form models. PR #16596 by @​tiangolo.

0.160.0

Query, header, cookie, and form parameter models now apply their extra configuration to all submitted fields in the same parameter location, consistent with Pydantic behavior. This includes fields declared in other models, individual parameters, or dependencies, which were previously excluded.

With extra="forbid", fields outside the model are rejected even if another parameter declares them. With extra="allow", those fields are included as model extras. With the default extra="ignore", they are ignored.

Breaking Changes

• 🐛 Apply each parameter model's extra configuration to sibling fields. PR #16594 by @​tiangolo.

Internal

• ⬆ Bump certifi from 2026.1.4 to 2026.10.19. PR #16571 by @​dependabot[bot].

0.159.1

Features

• ✨ Add support for optional unions of form models. PR #16586 by @​tiangolo.

0.159.0

Features

• ✨ Add support for optional query, header, and cookie parameter models. PR #16584 by @​tiangolo.

0.158.2

Features

• ✨ Add support for optional form models. PR #16582 by @​tiangolo.

0.158.1

... (truncated)

• 7a0a3f0 🔖 Release version 0.162.0 (#16606)
• b56f7c6 📝 Update release notes
• f02ef49 🐛 Restore default handling for omitted boolean form fields (#16605)
• 69ddc2b 🔖 Release version 0.161.1 (#16599)
• 0cafa07 📝 Update release notes
• f90d036 🐛 Fix OpenAPI schemas for standalone nullable form unions (#16598)
• 80c8742 🔖 Release version 0.161.0 (#16597)
• b105209 📝 Update release notes
• e42ac0a ✨ Add support for combining unions of form models (#16596)
• addd077 🔖 Release version 0.160.0 (#16595)
• Additional commits viewable in compare view

Sourced from pydantic's releases.

v2.14.2 2026-10-29

v2.14.2 (2026-10-29)

This release addresses 2 security issues, GHSA-qpmf-fgh3-ff25 and GHSA-3r8g-cqwr-jr29.

Packaging

• Bump PyO3 to 0.30.1, jiter to 0.18.0, use PyFrozenDict by @​Viicos in #14003
• Bump speedate to v0.18.0 by @​Viicos in #14007
• Publish pydantic-core wheels for PyPy 8.0 (pp80 ABI) by @​Viicos in #14083

Performance

• Avoid Python tuple allocation during model fields validation by @​Viicos in #13955
• Lazily call repr of values during nested union serialization by @​Viicos in #14082
• Skip decorator field checks when no field decorators exist by @​alexmojaki in #14111
• Avoid heap allocation for small JSON model field buffers by @​alexmojaki in #14113

Fixes

• Make JSON validation by iteration consistent with Python approach by @​davidhewitt in #13275.

  JSON validation now handles field lookup and extra data the same way as Python validation. In particular, keys that only match an unused alias or field name are now treated as extra data, instead of being silently dropped:

  from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
  from pydantic.alias_generators import to_camel
  class Page(BaseModel):
  model_config = ConfigDict(extra='forbid', alias_generator=to_camel)
  page_size: int = 10
  
  Page.model_validate_json('{"page_size": 50}')
  Before: Page(page_size=10)
  After: ValidationError (extra_forbidden)

  See the pull request for the full list of behavior changes. This change addresses GHSA-qpmf-fgh3-ff25.

• Ignore extra data matching a field name in TypedDict and dataclasses with extra=allow by @​Viicos in #14090. Addresses GHSA-3r8g-cqwr-jr29.

• Fix unpickling of generic classes defined in separate module by @​Viicos in #13994

• Support explicit by_alias overriding validate_by_alias in validation JSON schemas by @​Viicos in #13997

• Fix mypy plugin crash on deferred empty model by @​ilevkivskyi in #14027

• Fix infinite recursion when validating an invalid default with PydanticUseDefault by @​Viicos in #14028

• Implement recursion guard for validate_strings() by @​Viicos in #14029

... (truncated)

Sourced from pydantic's changelog.

v2.14.2 (2026-10-29)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Packaging

• Bump PyO3 to 0.30.1, jiter to 0.18.0, use PyFrozenDict by @​Viicos in #14003
• Bump speedate to v0.18.0 by @​Viicos in #14007
• Publish pydantic-core wheels for PyPy 8.0 (pp80 ABI) by @​Viicos in #14083

Performance

• Avoid Python tuple allocation during model fields validation by @​Viicos in #13955
• Lazily call repr of values during nested union serialization by @​Viicos in #14082
• Skip decorator field checks when no field decorators exist by @​alexmojaki in #14111
• Avoid heap allocation for small JSON model field buffers by @​alexmojaki in #14113

Fixes

• Make JSON validation by iteration consistent with Python approach by @​davidhewitt in #13275.

  JSON validation now handles field lookup and extra data the same way as Python validation. In particular, keys that only match an unused alias or field name are now treated as extra data, instead of being silently dropped:

  from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
  from pydantic.alias_generators import to_camel
  class Page(BaseModel):
  model_config = ConfigDict(extra='forbid', alias_generator=to_camel)
  page_size: int = 10
  
  Page.model_validate_json('{"page_size": 50}')
  Before: Page(page_size=10)
  After: ValidationError (extra_forbidden)

  See the pull request for the full list of behavior changes.

• Fix unpickling of generic classes defined in separate module by @​Viicos in #13994

• Support explicit by_alias overriding validate_by_alias in validation JSON schemas by @​Viicos in #13997

• Fix mypy plugin crash on deferred empty model by @​ilevkivskyi in #14027

• Fix infinite recursion when validating an invalid default with PydanticUseDefault by @​Viicos in #14028

• Implement recursion guard for validate_strings() by @​Viicos in #14029

• Support named tuples in Sequence serialization by @​Viicos in #14033

... (truncated)

• aa540ac Update changelog for v2.14.2
• 6cde12f Update changelog for v2.14.2
• 2db7c25 Fix deep copy of self-referential models
• d783154 Update changelog for v2.14.2
• df49b6c Avoid heap allocation for small JSON model field buffers
• cd93e69 Skip decorator field checks when no field decorators exist
• 2771e57 Make JSON validation by iteration consistent with Python approach
• 8102e3f Avoid Python tuple allocation during model fields validation
• dd139b5 Bump pydantic.v1 namespace to v1.10.27
• 66155f9 Prepare release v2.14.2
• Additional commits viewable in compare view

Sourced from pydantic-settings's releases.

v2.16.1

Highlights

This patch release fixes two CLI regressions introduced in 2.16.0.

Bug fixes

CLI

• Fixed-length tuple positionals such as CliPositionalArg[tuple[int, int]] and NamedTuples are single-valued again (#1069). Since 2.16.0 they were treated as variadic, so a CLI either refused to start with a SettingsError or put the wrong argument into the tuple. Variable-length tuples (tuple[int, ...] and bare Tuple) are still variadic.
• A field typed as an alias of a list of dicts, e.g. type ListOfDict = list[dict[str, int]], accepts a JSON list again (#1049). Since 2.16.0, --xx '[{"a":1},{"b":2}]' was merged into the single dict {"a": 1, "b": 2} and failed validation.

What's Changed

• Harden CI by @​Viicos in pydantic/pydantic-settings#1044
• Keep list of dicts CLI values as lists by @​hramezani in pydantic/pydantic-settings#1049
• Keep fixed-length tuple CLI positionals single-valued by @​hramezani in pydantic/pydantic-settings#1069
• Prepare release 2.16.1 by @​hramezani in pydantic/pydantic-settings#1087
• build(deps): bump the python-packages group with 3 updates by @​dependabot[bot] in pydantic/pydantic-settings#1056

Full Changelog: pydantic/pydantic-settings@v2.16.0...v2.16.1

v2.16.0

Highlights

Breaking changes and behavior changes

• Python 3.10 is no longer supported (#1003). pydantic-settings now requires Python 3.11+, since 3.10 reaches end of life this month. The tomli fallback is gone in favor of stdlib tomllib; the toml extra is kept as an empty extra so pip install pydantic-settings[toml] keeps working.
• python-dotenv>=1.2.2 is now required (#971) to pick up the fix for CVE-2026-28684.
• Aliases are ignored in every source when validate_by_alias=False (#1033). Env vars, secrets, CLI flags and defaults now use only field names, matching pydantic. An env var named after the alias is now ignored instead of raising extra_forbidden, and the CLI exposes --apple rather than --pomo.
• validation_alias takes precedence over alias (#1038). When the two differ, values from JSON/YAML/TOML files and the CLI were silently ignored; they now load. CLI help lists the validation_alias flag first, and CliApp.serialize emits it.
• CLI case-insensitivity only lowercases registered options (#1036). With case_sensitive=False, args after -- and those captured by CliUnknownArgs keep their case (-Xmx4G no longer becomes -xmx4g). Unrecognized options are now reported as typed (--NOPE instead of --nope).
• JSON and YAML config files are read as UTF-8 by default (#955) instead of the locale encoding, completing the secrets-file fix from 2.15.0. json_file_encoding/yaml_file_encoding still override it.
• Discriminated union defaults are partially updated again (#997). This reverts the 2.15.0 regression with nested_model_default_partial_update=True: the default is only dropped when the incoming value selects a different union member.

New features

• Python 3.15 and pydantic 2.14 support (#1026, #1029, #1022). pydantic 2.14 broke CliApp.run and validate_by_alias=False handling; both are fixed.
• Cached settings instances via Settings.settings_cached() and Settings.settings_clear_cache() (#952). These give you a process-local singleton per settings class without hand-rolling lru_cache wrappers. Calling the class directly still builds a fresh instance.
• AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store source — AWSSystemsManagerSettingsSource (#941). It recursively reads every parameter under an ssm_path, with / mapping onto nested models. Install it with the new aws-systems-manager extra.
• env_file_depth (#940) lets a relative env_file be found in parent directories, mirroring pyproject_toml_depth. This is useful when scripts run from a subdirectory of a monorepo. It defaults to 0, which keeps the current behavior.
• CliVariadicArg for named variadic options (#949, #958). It accepts --param a b c in addition to repeated --param a --param b. Required fields need at least one value.

Bug fixes

CLI

... (truncated)

• 94150a0 Prepare release 2.16.2 (#1111)
• 9e02de0 Fix JSON decoding of nested dictionary environment values (#1109)
• 7e2dacb Fix CliApp reconstruction of AliasPath inputs (#1096)
• 2d1f924 Fix explicit nested secrets directory precedence (#1093)
• e9588ae Fix regressions from nested dict union value decoding (#1089) (#1097)
• e71a53e Decode nested dictionary values with complex union types (#1089)
• 8dc9e05 Resolve only the discriminator annotation of stdlib dataclass defaults (#1077)
• c50c853 Detect nested Field discriminators in default partial updates (#1076)
• 9aabb8a build(deps): bump the python-packages group with 3 updates (#1056)
• 4e286e2 Prepare release 2.16.1 (#1087)
• Additional commits viewable in compare view

Sourced from websockets's releases.

17.3

See https://websockets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/project/changelog.html for details.

17.2

See https://websockets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/project/changelog.html for details.

• 86a1ad5 Release version 17.3.
• 5cc46ca Bump pypa/cibuildwheel from 4.2.1 to 4.3.1
• f6702a5 Deindent more test assertions.
• 7fe5d60 Deindent assertions on raised exceptions.
• 8549c24 Support arbitrary data in basic auth credentials.
• a8a898b Support UTF-8 passwords in server basic auth.
• bc17da4 Parse integers strictly in the HTTP protocol.
• 7f56717 Increase timeout for running tests.
• 47e2926 Simplify issue template and fix typo.
• 77875e1 Fix intermittent errors on free-threaded Python.
• Additional commits viewable in compare view

Sourced from httpx2's releases.

v2.16.0

Highlights

🍪 Faster requests with large cookie jars

Building the Cookie header no longer scans every cookie in the jar. The client reuses its jar instead of copying it on every request and redirect (#1284), only looks up the domains that can match the request host, and skips the expired cookie sweep until a cookie is due (#1285). With 1,000 cookies across 500 domains, building the Cookie header is about 18 times faster.

Cookies from different domains are now sent from the least to the most specific domain, for example .example.org before sub.example.org, instead of in the order the domains were added. Cookies with longer paths still come first.

httpx2

Changed

• Look up only the cookie domains that match the request host, and skip the expired cookie sweep until a cookie is due. With 1,000 cookies across 500 domains, building the Cookie header is about 18 times faster. Cookies from different domains are now sent from the least to the most specific domain (#1285).

Fixed

• Reuse the client cookie jar instead of copying it on every request and redirect. A custom policy set with client.cookies.jar.set_policy() now applies to outgoing requests (#1284).

httpcore2

No changes since 2.15.1. Version bumped to stay in lockstep with httpx2.

Full Changelog: pydantic/httpx2@v2.15.1...v2.16.0

v2.15.1

Highlights

🔒 Flat CPU usage for long-lived clients on Linux

On Linux, the default SSL context is now configured once instead of on every handshake (#1253). With OpenSSL older than 3.4, each handshake added a duplicate certificate lookup path, so CPU usage per request grew over the lifetime of a reused client. Certificate verification is unchanged, and Windows and macOS still use truststore.

httpx2

Fixed

• Configure the default SSL context once on Linux, instead of on every handshake. With OpenSSL older than 3.4, CPU usage grew over the lifetime of a reused client (#1253).

httpcore2

Fixed

• Configure the default SSL context once on Linux, instead of on every handshake. With OpenSSL older than 3.4, CPU usage grew over the lifetime of a reused client (#1253).

Full Changelog: pydantic/httpx2@v2.15.0...v2.15.1

v2.15.0

Highlights

🐍 Python 3.11+ required

... (truncated)

Sourced from httpx2's changelog.

2.16.0 (October 21st, 2026)

Changed

• Look up only the cookie domains that match the request host, and skip the expired cookie sweep until a cookie is due. With 1,000 cookies across 500 domains, building the Cookie header is about 18 times faster. Cookies from different domains are now sent from the least to the most specific domain. (#1285)

Fixed

• Reuse the client cookie jar instead of copying it on every request and redirect. A custom policy set with client.cookies.jar.set_policy() now applies to outgoing requests. (#1284)

2.15.1 (October 19th, 2026)

Fixed

• Configure the default SSL context once on Linux, instead of on every handshake. With OpenSSL older than 3.4, CPU usage grew over the lifetime of a reused client. (#1253)

2.15.0 (October 19th, 2026)

Removed

• Drop support for Python 3.10. (#1274)

2.14.0 (October 18th, 2026)

Added

• Match IP CIDR ranges, like 192.168.0.0/16 and [fe80::]/10, in NO_PROXY and mounts. Requests to any address in the range now bypass the proxy; previously only the network address itself did. (#1165)
• Accept bracketed IPv6 addresses, like [::1] and [::1]:8080, in NO_PROXY. (#1267)

Changed

• Raise InvalidURL for a mounts key with an IP host followed by anything other than a valid CIDR prefix, like all://10.0.0.0/33. (#1165)

Fixed

• Ignore NO_PROXY entries that cannot be parsed, instead of raising InvalidURL when the client is created. (#1267)
• Import httpx2 on FIPS-enforced Python builds without hashlib.md5. DigestAuth raises ProtocolError when the server asks for an unavailable algorithm. (#1130)
• Handle reads after an ASGI WebSocket app shuts down, instead of leaking anyio exceptions. (#1233)
• Stop the sync WebSocket session from hanging on exit when its event queue is full. (#1123)

• 6bfbf29 Prepare version 2.16.0 (#1286)
• a1e461e Look up only matching cookie domains when building the Cookie header (#1285)
• fc6ff89 Reuse the client cookie jar instead of copying it per request (#1284)
• 6dd59b9 Prepare version 2.15.1 (#1279)
• 7715bf0 Configure the default Linux SSL context once instead of per handshake (#1253)
• 6078596 Prepare version 2.15.0 (#1278)
• 5b26c25 Drop support for Python 3.10 (#1274)
• 4fa853a Prepare version 2.14.0 (#1271)
• dd7701a Support IP CIDR ranges in NO_PROXY (#1165)
• cd50836 Accept bracketed IPv6 and skip unparseable entries in NO_PROXY (#1267)
• Additional commits viewable in compare view

Sourced from pytest's releases.

9.2.0

pytest 9.2.0 (2026-10-27)

Removals and backward incompatible breaking changes

• #14716: -c now raises a usage error for a path that does not exist, is a directory, or is in a format pytest has no loader for. Such paths were previously either ignored or reported as an unhandled FileNotFoundError.

• #8593: The indirect, ids and scope arguments of Metafunc.parametrize() <pytest.Metafunc.parametrize> -- and therefore of @pytest.mark.parametrize <pytest.mark.parametrize ref> -- are now keyword-only.

  Passing them positionally was a common source of confusing errors, e.g. parametrize("arg1", "arg2", [(1, 2)]) made the argvalues land in indirect and failed with indirect fixture '(1, 2)' doesn't exist; such mistakes now fail with an understandable TypeError. The type annotations have always declared these arguments as keyword-only.

• #993: Plugin import failures at startup are now reported and classified instead of escaping as a raw traceback with the accidental exit code 1:

  • a plugin that cannot be found -- via -p, pytest_plugins or PYTEST_PLUGINS -- exits with pytest.ExitCode USAGE_ERROR (4), like a conftest.py that fails to import;
  • a plugin that is found but raises while importing -- including a broken pytest11 entry point or a missing plugin dependency -- exits with pytest.ExitCode INTERNAL_ERROR (3), with the traceback preserved.

  pytest.main now returns these codes instead of raising ImportError. Also fixed an IndexError from pytest's own internals when the plugin raised an exception with no arguments.

Deprecations (removal in next major release)

• #14742: The private _pytest.python.CallSpec2 name has been renamed to CallSpec. The old CallSpec2 alias remains available for now and will be removed in pytest 10 or 11.

• #14755: Schedule yield_fixture decorator for removal in pytest 10 or 11.

• #14774: Similarly to the deprecation of class-scoped fixtures defined as instance methods in pytest 9.1, all higher-scoped fixtures (module, package, and session) defined as instance methods are now deprecated.

  They suffer from the same issue the original deprecation only fixed for class-scoped fixtures, see 10819 and 14011.

• #14808: Passing a non-string value to a string-typed ini option now emits a pytest.PytestRemovedIn10Warning. This affects [tool.pytest.ini_options] in pyproject.toml. In pytest 10 this will raise a TypeError, matching the behavior of the corresponding TOML config path.

• #7323: Passing bytes to TerminalReporter.write_line() is now deprecated, pass a str instead.

New features

• #14743: Full diff: now contains a legend explaining the + & - symbols in diff output.
• #2781: When strict_markers is enabled, marker names used in -m expressions are now validated against registered markers.
• #6881: Added the parametrize_long_str_id_strategy configuration option to control how long str/bytes parameter values are handled in auto-generated test IDs. Explicit IDs set via ids=[...] or pytest.param(..., id=...) are not affected. Available strategies: short (default, values over 100 chars fall back to argname+index), sha256 (SHA-256 hex digest), legacy (keep full value), and disallow (error requesting explicit IDs).

Improvements in existing functionality

• #10745: A RecursionError whose recursion origin cannot be located now shows only the first and last 10 stack frames, matching what pytest already did when locating the origin failed outright. Previously the full traceback -- often around a thousand near-identical frames -- was rendered, which was both slow and unreadable. Pass --full-trace to see every frame.

... (truncated)

• ae1d0ff Prepare release version 9.2.0
• 143ce31 pre-commit: exclude codespell on generated release announcements
• 532dc5f tox: add attrs dependency to regen, needed in reportingdemo.rst
• a7b2446 Merge pull request #15245 from pytest-dev/claude/project-thread-9jcf91
• 679d09c [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate (#15266)
• 41d12cd docs: clarify typing for yield fixtures
• b9022ba Merge pull request #15182 from 1871698/docs/improve-getting-started-description
• 16f87a7 docs: improve getting-started.rst test execution description
• 082ed70 Merge pull request #15255 from pytest-dev/claude/project-thread-eoi3d6
• ae37a01 Merge pull request #15227 from pytest-dev/claude/project-thread-4etye4
• Additional commits viewable in compare view

Sourced from ruff's releases.

0.17.3

Release Notes

Released on 2026-10-26.

Preview features

• [suspicious] Add shared-clock-mock (#29074)

Bug fixes

• [pyupgrade] Avoid incorrect conversions to f-strings (UP032) (#25485)

Performance

• Buffer stdout in ruff format (#29631)
• Specialize ASCII identifier lexing (#29503)
• Speed up identifier and keyword lexing (#29463)

Documentation

• [flake8-bandit] Describe what the rule actually checks for httpx (S113) (#27936)

Contributors

• @​itsvedantkumar
• @​charliermarsh
• @​anishgirianish

Install ruff 0.17.3

Install prebuilt binaries via shell script

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://releases.astral.sh/github/ruff/releases/download/0.17.3/ruff-installer.sh | sh

Install prebuilt binaries via powershell script

powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -c "irm https://releases.astral.sh/github/ruff/releases/download/0.17.3/ruff-installer.ps1 | iex"

Download ruff 0.17.3

File	Platform	Checksum
ruff-aarch64-apple-darwin.tar.gz	Apple Silicon macOS	checksum
ruff-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.gz	Intel macOS	checksum
ruff-aarch64-pc-windows-msvc.zip	ARM64 Windows	checksum

... (truncated)

Sourced from ruff's changelog.

0.17.3

Released on 2026-10-26.

Preview features

• [suspicious] Add shared-clock-mock (#29074)

Bug fixes

• [pyupgrade] Avoid incorrect conversions to f-strings (UP032) (#25485)

Performance

• Buffer stdout in ruff format (#29631)
• Specialize ASCII identifier lexing (#29503)
• Speed up identifier and keyword lexing (#29463)

Documentation

• [flake8-bandit] Describe what the rule actually checks for httpx (S113) (#27936)

Contributors

• @​itsvedantkumar
• @​charliermarsh
• @​anishgirianish

0.17.2

Released on 2026-10-22.

Preview features

• [complexity] Add unnecessary-regular-expression-compile (#25533)

Bug fixes

• Avoid syntax errors for type variables with starred constraints (UP040, UP046, UP047, RUF053) (#28362)
• [pydocstyle] Treat backslash-escaped *args and **kwargs as documented (D417) (#29536)
• [pylint] Avoid false positive on starred elements (PLE0643) (#29483)
• [pylint] Mark fixes unsafe when deleting comments (PLR5501, PLW0120) (#29414)
• [pyupgrade] Mark fix unsafe when deleting comments (UP035) (#29413)

Performance

• Avoid intermediate names in lint name resolution (#29506)
• Prefilter bidirectional Unicode checks by UTF-8 leading bytes (#29561)
• Share postfix parsing and reduce expression copies (#29480)

... (truncated)

• ba65abf Bump version to 0.17.3 (#29745)
• fb2f921 [ty] Fix narrowing of strings and integers compared with enum members (#29743)
• d181287 [ty] Index nominal union alternatives (#29196)
• 07872ad [ty] Preserve string literals in comparisons with LiteralString (#29741)
• 95888b2 [ty] Preserve narrowing after guarded match subject captures (#29558)
• 3c8166b [ty] Fix hang when negating recursive unions of instance types (#29652)
• 3fd20e0 [ty] Preserve generic callback specializations during return refinement (#29667)
• 2f0a29e [ty] Record predicate truthiness alongside expression inference (#29706)
• 60f104a [ty] Honor @​override on overload implementations in stubs (#29470)
• 207ec3a [ty] Add diagnostic baseline support (#27636)
• Additional commits viewable in compare view

Sourced from pytest's releases.

9.2.0

pytest 9.2.0 (2026-10-27)

Removals and backward incompatible breaking changes

• #14716: -c now raises a usage error for a path that does not exist, is a directory, or is in a format pytest has no loader for. Such paths were previously either ignored or reported as an unhandled FileNotFoundError.

• #8593: The indirect, ids and scope arguments of Metafunc.parametrize() <pytest.Metafunc.parametrize> -- and therefore of @pytest.mark.parametrize <pytest.mark.parametrize ref> -- are now keyword-only.

  Passing them positionally was a common source of confusing errors, e.g. parametrize("arg1", "arg2", [(1, 2)]) made the argvalues land in indirect and failed with indirect fixture '(1, 2)' doesn't exist; such mistakes now fail with an understandable TypeError. The type annotations have always declared these arguments as keyword-only.

• #993: Plugin import failures at startup are now reported and classified instead of escaping as a raw traceback with the accidental exit code 1:

  • a plugin that cannot be found -- via -p, pytest_plugins or PYTEST_PLUGINS -- exits with pytest.ExitCode USAGE_ERROR (4), like a conftest.py that fails to import;
  • a plugin that is found but raises while importing -- including a broken pytest11 entry point or a missing plugin dependency -- exits with pytest.ExitCode INTERNAL_ERROR (3), with the traceback preserved.

  pytest.main now returns these codes instead of raising ImportError. Also fixed an IndexError from pytest's own internals when the plugin raised an exception with no arguments.

Deprecations (removal in next major release)

• #14742: The private _pytest.python.CallSpec2 name has been renamed to CallSpec. The old CallSpec2 alias remains available for now and will be removed in pytest 10 or 11.

• #14755: Schedule yield_fixture decorator for removal in pytest 10 or 11.

• #14774: Similarly to the deprecation of class-scoped fixtures defined as instance methods in pytest 9.1, all higher-scoped fixtures (module, package, and session) defined as instance methods are now deprecated.

  They suffer from the same issue the original deprecation only fixed for class-scoped fixtures, see 10819 and 14011.

• #14808: Passing a non-string value to a string-typed ini option now emits a pytest.PytestRemovedIn10Warning. This affects [tool.pytest.ini_options] in pyproject.toml. In pytest 10 this will raise a TypeError, matching the behavior of the corresponding TOML config path.

• #7323: Passing bytes to TerminalReporter.write_line() is now deprecated, pass a str instead.

New features

• #14743: Full diff: now contains a legend explaining the + & - symbols in diff output.
• #2781: When strict_markers is e...

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